In the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) section, select No.For Runtime role, select Create a role with basic Amazon Lex permissions.For Description, enter an optional description.On the Amazon Lex console, choose Switch to the new Lex V2 console.For this post, we use the newer V2 console. When the CloudFormation stack is complete, we’re ready to create the Amazon Lex bot. Note the name of the Lambda function because we reference it later when creating the Amazon Lex bot. When it’s complete, you can go to the Resources tab to check out the Lambda function and DynamoDB table created. The AWS CloudFormation stack takes a few minutes to complete. You must deploy the DynamoDB table and Lambda function directly by choosing Launch Stack. Download all the files, including the PocketSphinx model files downloaded from their repo. You can find all the files of our custom voice assistant solution on our GitHub repo. Now you’re ready to create the components needed for this solution. Amazon Lex sends back a voice message, and we use Amazon Polly, a service that turns text into lifelike speech, to create a consistent experience. Sensor types include blood pressure, blood glucose, body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate. The sensor data is generated by another Python script, generate_data.py, which you also run on your computer. After the wake word is recognized, the voice assistant starts recording what you say and sends the audio to Amazon Lex, where it uses an AWS Lambda function to retrieve dummy patient data stored in Amazon DynamoDB. In our solution, we first interface with a voice assistant script that runs on your computer. The following architecture diagram presents the high-level overview of our solution. Custom voice assistant solution architecture With our easy-to-set-up and managed services, developers and innovators can hit the ground running and start developing the devices of the future. In this post, you learn how to create a custom voice assistant using PocketSphinx and Amazon Lex. However, most devices are limited, so developers must often build their own customized versions.Īs Solutions Architects working in the healthcare industry, we see a growing trend towards the adoption of voice assistants in hospitals and patient rooms. Today, voice assistants are becoming more available as natural language processing models advance, errors decrease, and development becomes more accessible for the average developer. They can be a powerful tool to help doctors save time, reduce stress, and spend more time focusing on the patient versus the administrative requirements of clinical documentation. Voice assistants are now starting to automate the vital yet manual parts of patient care. Voice assistants as a solution to physician burnout We also walk through creating a custom voice assistant using PocketSphinx and Amazon Lex. In this post, you learn the importance of voice assistants and how they can automate administrative tasks for doctors. In addition, it can lead to higher turnover, reduced productivity, and costly medical errors, affecting people’s lives and health. Physician burnout is one of the leading factors that lead to depression, fatigue, and stress for doctors during their careers. To maintain these records, physicians often spend multiple hours each day to manually enter data into the EHR system, resulting in lower productivity and increased burnout. That record is stored in the hospital electronic health record (EHR) system, a database that contains the records of every patient in the hospital. Physicians and clinicians must keep a detailed medical record for each patient. Although patient interaction and diagnosis are critical aspects of a physician’s job, administrative tasks are equally taxing and time-consuming. For the past few decades, physician burnout has been a challenge in the healthcare industry.
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By increasing neural activity in these areas, binaural beats can help you come up with new ideas and think outside the box. Enhanced Creativity and Problem Solvingīinaural beats in the alpha and gamma ranges can stimulate creativity and enhance problem-solving abilities. This can have a range of benefits for your physical and mental health, including lower blood pressure, reduced muscle tension, and improved immune function. When you listen to binaural beats in the theta and delta ranges, your brain waves slow down and you enter a state of deep relaxation. These tones are often used in meditation and yoga practices to help people achieve a deeper level of relaxation and inner peace. Stress Reduction and Relaxationīinaural beats in the theta (4-7 Hz) and delta ranges can help induce a relaxed state of mind and reduce stress and anxiety. Research has shown that binaural beats can activate specific areas of the brain that are associated with attention and concentration, leading to improved performance on tasks that require focus and mental effort. This can be especially helpful for students, professionals, and anyone who needs to stay focused and productive throughout the day. Listening to tones in the alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) ranges can improve cognitive performance, attention, and memory retention. One of the main benefits of binaural beats is their ability to enhance focus and concentration. By listening to two different tones played at slightly different frequencies, your brain can perceive a third tone that can have a powerful effect on your mind and body. Benefits of Binaural Beatsīinaural beats are a form of auditory stimulation that can have a range of benefits for your mental and physical well-being. They are also thought to play a role in creativity and insight. Gamma waves (30-100 Hz) are the fastest brainwaves and are associated with high-level thinking and problem-solving. They are often present when we are engaged in problem-solving or other tasks that require mental effort and attention. They are also thought to play a role in reducing anxiety and stress.īeta waves (14-30 Hz) are associated with focus and concentration. They are also thought to play a role in memory consolidation and can help improve learning and retention.Īlpha waves (8-13 Hz) are associated with relaxation and are often present during meditation and other forms of mindfulness practice. Theta waves (4-7 Hz) are associated with meditation and creativity. They are thought to play a role in the body’s natural healing processes and can help reduce stress and promote feelings of calmness and tranquility. Each frequency has a unique effect on the brain, which we’ll explore further in the next section.ĭelta waves are the slowest brainwaves and are associated with deep sleep and relaxation. Different Frequencies and Their Effectsīinaural beats cover a wide range of frequencies, from delta waves (0.1-3 Hz) associated with deep sleep and meditation to gamma waves (30-100 Hz) linked to high-level thinking and problem-solving. For example, studies have found that listening to binaural beats in the alpha range (8-13 Hz) can increase relaxation and reduce anxiety, while listening to binaural beats in the beta range (14-30 Hz) can improve cognitive performance and focus. Research has shown that binaural beats can alter brainwave patterns, leading to changes in mood, cognition, and behavior. Today, neuroscientists use electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brainwave activity and study the effects of binaural beats. The discovery of binaural beats dates back to the 19th century, when German scientist Heinrich Wilhelm Dove first observed the phenomenon. Many people also use binaural beats as a tool for meditation and relaxation. For example, if you listen to a 200 Hz tone in one ear and a 205 Hz tone in the other ear, your brain will perceive a binaural beat of 5 Hz.īinaural beats have been shown to have a variety of potential benefits, including reducing anxiety, improving focus and concentration, and enhancing creativity. When your brain processes these frequencies, it produces a third frequency in the same range as the difference between the two played in each ear. Understanding Binaural Beats What are Binaural Beats?īinaural beats are auditory illusions created by playing two slightly different frequencies in each ear. In this article, we’ll explore what binaural beats are, the science behind them, their benefits, how to use them for goal achievement, and potential side effects and precautions. These brainwave entrainment tones have been getting a lot of buzz lately, and for good reason: they can be a game-changer when it comes to achieving your goals. If you’re searching for a way to improve your focus, reduce stress, spark creativity, or achieve better sleep quality, you might want to consider binaural beats. On desktop just right-click a photo and let Google do the rest. If you want to make a quick plant ID, you can now use Google Lens to identify flaura and fauna. Every picture on PlantNet builds a better picture of plant biodiversity so get snapping! It’s particularly useful for identifying toxic or wild plants and its community of plant enthusiasts has even helped with conservation projects by identifying invasive species. The extensive library of flora and the handy bee-friendly filter will turn your patch into a wildlife magnet in no time.Įver been abroad and spotted a plant you’d like to identify? This encyclopedic app gives you instant access to plants from across the globe and is available in at least 27 languages. Track your garden’s progress using the journal area, plus you can add tasks and set reminders, so there’s no excuse for thirsty plants. Up your gardening knowledge with this app from garden tool experts Gardena, which offers free step-by-step gardening tutorials. Plus there are handy articles and tips exploring biodynamic gardening and a community forum so you can bond with other budding lunar gardeners. It also provides exact weather /humidity conditions for your location and you can map out your garden using the app’s simple grid feature. Days are divided into ‘root’, ‘leaf’, ‘flower’ or ‘fruit/seed’ with advice on what to do depending on if the moon is waxing or waning. Ideal as an organic gardener’s companion, Moon and Garden’s most exciting feature is a nifty calendar, which tells users exactly what to sow, transplant and harvest according to the phases of the moon. The app doubles up as a booking platform for the UK’s beautiful network of public and private gardens, just use the garden map to find one that catches your eye and remember to pack a picnic. But what makes Candide stand out is it has caught onto what every gardener really wants: to be whiling away the hours in a garden. Use it to share your garden highs and lows, ask for plant advice from the experts (of which there are many) or browse the extensive plant library. More than just a plant identifier, Candide opens the garden gates to a whole community of fellow plant enthusiasts. So, including everything from garden planning tips to care calendars and plant identifiers, here the best gardening apps to make you a better gardener all year round. If you need help to plan and design your garden, there's an expert gardening app for that too. If you come across an unknown flower or weed and are unsure what to do with it, or need to troubleshoot why one of your shrubs isn't growing as it should, there's an app to help. Whether you’re a seasoned green-fingered professional or a gardening beginner, there are a range of gardening apps, plant identifiers and digital garden planner tools that can improve your knowledge. Terri Sewell (D-AL) introduced an alternative bill in April, which would create different minimum wage levels depending on the region. The president of the US Chamber of Commerce said earlier this year that he was open to the idea of raising the pay floor.įor a while, Democrats were torn on how much to raise wages. McDonald’s executives recently announced that the company would no longer lobby against minimum wage increases. It’s no wonder why the vast majority of Democrats running for president have promised to double the federal minimum wage.Ĭorporate America must have sensed the shift in public opinion. And a majority of voters want at least $15 an hour. Poll after poll shows widespread support for raising the federal minimum rate, even among Republican voters. Neither are their Republican allies in Congress, who have long pushed back against any effort to raise the federal minimum wage.īut it’s hard to deny how popular the idea is with regular voters. The bill, which has more than 200 co-sponsors (all Democrats), would also phase out the lower minimum wage for tipped workers such as restaurant servers and valets, which has been $2.13 an hour since 1996.īig business groups are not happy about the fight for $15. So if middle-class wages go up - or down - so would the minimum wage. The law would also tie future changes to changes in median workers’ pay. In January, House Democrats introduced the Raise the Wage Act, which would eventually raise the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2024. Since then, America’s lowest-paid workers have lost about $3,000 a year when you consider the rising cost of living, according to calculations from the Economic Policy Institute. The current $7.25 minimum hourly rate was set in 2009, right in the middle of the Great Recession. The Raise the Wage Act, explainedĬongress set a record in June: It’s now been more than 10 years since lawmakers have raised the federal minimum wage, the longest period in history that it’s stayed stagnant. And that read may renew debate in Congress over how high to raise the federal pay floor. The CBO score doesn’t necessarily contradict those findings, but it does offer a broader read of the available data. The other study comes from economists at the University of California Berkeley, who released a white paper last Tuesday finding that a $15 minimum wage would go a long way to combat income inequality - while its impact on job loss is likely small to none. It’s only the second study ever to focus entirely on the impact of a $15 minimum wage, and its findings are less rosy than the first one. The report comes as members of Congress prepare a vote to increase the federal minimum wage for the first time in more than a decade. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office released this conclusion in a report that analyzes the economic impact of the Raise the Wage Act, a House bill that would gradually double minimum hourly pay by 2025. A $15 federal minimum wage would likely boost pay for 27 million US workers, lifting 1.3 million households out of poverty, according to an analysis released Monday by congressional economists.īut the income boost may come with a cost: It could trigger 1.3 million job losses. However, consider this slightly more complex case: > obj =, , 6, 'abc',, ]] In the case of obj =, , ], all of the solutions here are good, including list comprehension and _iterable. six is also a third-party package, though it is stable. Note: Below applies to Python 3.3+ because it uses yield_from. If you don't like/want such behavior, you can use the following version which filters out from flattening iterables like strings and bytes: def flatten(itr): N.B.: Since all iterables are flattened, strings are decomposed into sequences of single characters. versatile (you can use it to build an iterable of your choice or in a loop).fast and efficient (you can flatten the nested iterable partially, without wasting time on the remaining part you don't need).works also if top level contains bare items.works with any combination and deepness of nesting.works with any kind of iterable (even future ones!).Usage: this is a generator, and you typically want to enclose it in an iterable builder like list() or tuple() or use it in a for loop. There are several answers with the same recursive appending scheme as below, but none makes use of try, which makes the solution more robust and Pythonic. In Python 3.8, abstract base classes are moved from collection.abc to the typing module.ĭemo simple =, ,, ]Ĭomplicated = ], (3, 4, ,ġ Disclaimer: I'm the author of that library.In Python 3, yield from flatten(x) can replace for sub_x in flatten(x): yield sub_x.If isinstance(x, Iterable) and not isinstance(x, (str, bytes)): """Yield items from any nested iterable see Reference.""" #from collections import Iterable # < p圓8 This can flatten both simple and complicated containers (see also Demo). Here is a general approach that applies to numbers, strings, nested lists and mixed containers. Return functools.reduce(operator.iconcat, a, ) If the number of sublists is large, this performs a little worse than the above suggestion.Ĭode to reproduce the plot: import functools ( operator.iadd is equally fast.)Ī simpler and also acceptable variant is out = To be the fastest solution, both when many small lists and few long lists are concatenated. I tested most suggested solutions with perfplot (a pet project of mine, essentially a wrapper around timeit), and found import functoolsįunctools.reduce(operator.iconcat, a, ) $ python3 -mtimeit -s'l=,, ]*99 from functools import reduce' 'reduce(lambda x,y: x+y,l)' This approach is arguably more readable than and appears to be faster too: $ python3 -mtimeit -s'l=,, ]*99 import itertools' 'list(_iterable(l))'Ģ0000 loops, best of 5: 10.8 usec per loop Or you can use _iterable() which doesn't require unpacking the list with the * operator: > import itertools > merged = list(itertools.chain(*list2d)) You can use itertools.chain(): > import itertools The list comprehension just generates one list, once, and copies each item over (from its original place of residence to the result list) also exactly once. So, for simplicity and without actual loss of generality, say you have L sublists of I items each: the first I items are copied back and forth L-1 times, the second I items L-2 times, and so on total number of copies is I times the sum of x for x from 1 to L excluded, i.e., I * (L**2)/2. $ python -mtimeit -s'l=,, ]*99' 'reduce(lambda x,y: x+y,l)'Įxplanation: the shortcuts based on + (including the implied use in sum) are, of necessity, O(L**2) when there are L sublists - as the intermediate result list keeps getting longer, at each step a new intermediate result list object gets allocated, and all the items in the previous intermediate result must be copied over (as well as a few new ones added at the end). Return Īs evidence, you can use the timeit module in the standard library: $ python -mtimeit -s'l=,, ]*99' ''ġ0000 loops, best of 3: 143 usec per loop Here is the corresponding function: def flatten(l): Is faster than the shortcuts posted so far. While you could easily play random-map and multiplayer games for dozens of hours and be perfectly happy with Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition, it's worth pointing out that the game contains 21 historical campaigns. Granted, high-level players will want to micromanage their armies to a great degree anyway, but having to babysit a large army while besieging an enemy base, defending a home base, and continuing to build your economy and replace units as needed can be an incredibly difficult juggling act. Left to their own devices, units are terrible at navigating through tight spaces, and they target enemy units and buildings haphazardly. This part of Age of Empires has long been a subject of derision it's a little better than it was before but still problematic. There is only one big area of the game that hasn't seen many improvements: the pathfinding. At the top of the screen, you can see every technology you're researching and every unit you're producing, and you can get back to the relevant building at the touch of a button. You can queue up technology and units at the same time, rather than having to micromanage them separately. You can program complex routes for your scouts. You can create "action queues" so that builders can go right back to gathering resources once they're done with construction. You can set villagers to automatically replant farms. The gameplay is just as riveting now as it was back in 1999, but it's much more straightforward, thanks to a bevy of quality-of-life improvements. Expect lots of farms, lumber camps, gold mines, swordsmen, knights, crossbowmen, battering rams, trebuchets and wonders of the world along the way. Either way, the game flow is the same: Create villagers, gather resources, upgrade your technology, build up an army, and either attack your foe or defend your own base, depending on your play style. You usually start with a semi-established base in campaign missions. You begin with a town center, a handful of villagers and a scout cavalryman in random-map and multiplayer games. Each race also has unique units, which can range from horsemen who tear buildings apart to infantrymen who can attack from a distance. As you can imagine, finding your favorite race takes some trial and error. If you don't like those choices, don't worry: There are 32 others. The campaigns are my favorite part of Age of Empires II, as the scenarios and objectives can vary significantly from scenario to scenario. The word to blame for making this thought incomplete is because. The following example, while it contains a subject and a verb, fails to complete the thought:īecause tuition increased again this semester. (If you want to know more about verb look-alikes, see the TIP Sheet Other Phrases: Verbal, Appositive, Absolute.) The fragment below contains an incomplete verb:Ĭaroline studying her sociology tonight at Moxie's downtown.ĭid your ear hear the strangeness? Add helpers to make the verb complete and repair the fragment:Ĭaroline will be studying her sociology tonight at Moxie's downtown.Ī very common type of fragment is the unfinished thought fragment. While other kinds of fragments require you to add something-a subject, or a verb, or both-you can often fix unfinished thought fragments simply by joining them to a preceding or following sentence. Words ending in -ing, for example, must include helpers such as is, are, was, were, will be, or has been to be real verbs without these helpers, they are not verbs. Some verbs require helpers in order to be complete. The birch trees with their rattling yellow leaves swayed in the wind. What about the birch trees? Adding a verb makes this fragment complete: The birch trees with their rattling yellow leaves. Any phrase, no matter how long, is a fragment if the verb is missing: Some fragments are fragments because they are missing a verb or an essential part of a verb. So the subject of " Turn in your schedule changes at the counter" is you: " turn in your schedule changes at the counter.") This kind of sentence has an unstated subject, you. (Avoid the mistake of thinking that a command, demand, or request lacks a subject. Stan hopes to register for class before the deadline. The simplest fix is to add a subject and verb: ("To register" is not really a verb, but another thing entirely see the TIP Sheet Other Phrases: Verbal, Appositive, Absolute). Who wants to register? Or failed to register? Or plans to register? This fragment lacks both subject and verb. To register for class before the deadline. Mitchell went biking and swimming after work on Thursday.Īnother suspect in the missing subject category is a phrase like this one: What about biking and swimming? Who is biking and swimming? Are you proposing that we all go biking and swimming? Add both a subject and a verb to correct this (again, not the only solution): Phrases which include words ending in -ing often appear as fragments:īiking and swimming after work on Thursday. Who was running late? The instructor? The train? The simplest (but by no means only) way to correct this fragment is to add a subject: Often the subject appears nearby, perhaps in the preceding sentence however, each sentence must have a subject of its own. (For help identifying subjects and verbs, see the TIP Sheet Parts of Sentences.) If you think a subject is missing, or the verb sounds a little strange, or the thought is left hanging, refer to the tips below. Does it sound complete? If you walked up to a stranger and said it to him, would it sound like a complete thought to him? Or would he be waiting expectantly for you to finish? Even if it sounds okay to you (because you already know what you mean), look at it and identify the subject (who or what did the action) and the verb (what the subject did) to make sure they're there. To begin to identify fragments in your writing, read a sentence aloud. But English conventions require that you avoid writing fragments (except in very rare instances), so you must be able to identify them in your writing and fix them. In fact, if you spoke in complete sentences for one entire day, you would probably get some strange looks. It fails to complete the thought it starts.įragments are no big deal in conversation spoken English is full of them. While there are many ways to end up with a fragment, almost every fragment is simply a result of one of the following three problems: A subject (that makes sense with the verbĪ sentence fragment is a group of words that lacks one or more of these three things. A sentence is a group of words that contains three things: That’s because with more and more online services, the way that you sign up for the service is by setting up that recurring payment, and the way that you cancel the service is by cancelling your recurring payment through Paypal. We routinely make a point of checking our Paypal recurring payments area, because it’s amazing how you can easily forget about a $5.00 a month payment (or a higher one), and that’s money lost And sure, if it turns out it’s going to a company that shouldn’t be getting it any longer, they will eventually likely refund you that money, but that’s a hassle, and also you can’t always count on that. Your tips via CashApp, Venmo, or Paypal are appreciated! Receipts will come from ISIPP. Have any thoughts on this? Let us know down below in the comments or carry the discussion over to our Twitter or Facebook.The Internet Patrol is completely free, and reader-supported. The only thing missing is a big CANCEL ALL button for when you’ve really had enough. With PayPal, you can complete the task in a few clicks. If you do need to cancel an automatic payment, you don’t need to go digging through the website of the service you’re trying to end. Advantages of using PayPal to manage subscriptionsĪs you can see, PayPal makes managing subscriptions simple. Breaking up with a service couldn’t be easier.
To index numbers as numbers, timestamps as timestamps, etc. Without the right data types, you will not be able to perform type-specific operations on these fields (e.g. Also, the output of tshark -T ek contains all field values as strings, regardless of whether the data is actually text or numbers including timestamps and IP addresses, for example. In fact, since a large number of fields can slow down both indexing and query speed Elasticsearch 5.5 limits the number of fields in an index to 1000 by default. Consequently, creating an index on all these fields is usually not the right thing to do. Most likely, the vast majority of these fields will never be searched or aggregated on. As mentioned above Wireshark knows about 200,000 individual fields. Raw packet data contains an extraordinarily large amount of fields. Importing from Wireshark/Tshark Elasticsearch Mapping Will read packets from capture file capture.pcap and output them as JSON for the Elasticsearch Bulk API format into the file packets.json. tshark -r capture.pcap -T ek > packets.json Will do a live capture of packets on the eth0 network interface and output them in Elasticsearch Bulk API format into the file packets.json. One of the output formats supported by tshark since version 2.2 ( released in September 2016) is a JSON format for the Elasticsearch Bulk API: tshark -i eth0 -T ek > packets.json As its output, tshark can produce reports and statistics, but also parsed packet data in different text formats. In addition to a GUI it provides the command-line utility tshark to capture live traffic as well as read and parse capture files. Its GUI is familiar to most network and security professionals. It can recognize more than 2,000 protocols containing over 200,000 fields. Wireshark is the most popular packet capture and analysis software, and open source. Especially its ability to match responses with their original requests and indexing the merged event is very useful if you’re looking at specific protocols. However, it is not built for full packet capture and parsing of the myriad different protocols out in the world and is best used for monitoring specific applications. It can recognize and parse a number of application-level protocols such as HTTP, MySQL and DNS, as well as general flow information. Packetbeat can be configured to capture network packets live as well as read packets from a capture file with the -I option. There is already a tool in the Elastic Stack to index network data into Elasticsearch: Packetbeat. Network packet analysis pipeline with Wireshark and the Elastic Stack Packet capture Packetbeat In this blog post, I will show how to set up a pipeline using Wireshark and the Elastic Stack that can look like this: Search and Visualize - Exploring the data in detail or in aggregate. Protocol parsing - Parsing out the different network protocols and fields.ģ. Packet capture - Recording the packet traffic on a network.Ģ. ArchitectureĪny data pipeline for network capture and analysis is composed of several steps:ġ. All of this is data that can be stored in Elasticsearch and explored, searched and visualized in Kibana. While network traffic itself is sent in a binary format, each packet contains many different fields that using proper tools can be parsed out into numbers, text, timestamps, IP addresses, etc. Or it can be extensive, for example using an outside network tap to capture all traffic. In that case, only the traffic of a single application or a single server might be captured, and only for a specified period of time. Packet capture can be ad hoc, used to debug a specific problem. Being able to look into every single piece of metadata and payload that went over the wire provides very useful visibility and helps to monitor systems, debug issues, and detect anomalies and attackers. February 15, 2019: Starting with Wireshark 3.0.0rc1, TShark can now generate an Elasticsearch mapping file by using the -G elastic-mapping option.įor network administrators and security analysts, one of the most important capabilities is packet capture and analysis. |
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